[61] In the mid-14th-century, the Ottoman Turks began a strategy of gradually taking smaller towns and cities, cutting off Constantinople's supply routes and strangling it slowly. [15] Historically, the city has been ideally situated for trade and defense: The confluence of the Sea of Marmara, the Bosporus, and the Golden Horn provide both ideal defense against enemy attack and a natural toll-gate. [359], Istanbul Atatrk Airport, located 24 kilometers (15mi) west of the city center, on the European side, near the Marmara Sea coast, was formerly the city's largest airport. [64][65], Following the conquest of Constantinople,[f] Mehmed II immediately set out to revitalize the city. [191], Arabs form the city's other largest ethnic minority, with an estimated population of more than 2 million. [328] It still carries passengers between Karaky and stiklal Avenue along a steep 573-meter (1,880ft) track; a more modern funicular between Taksim Square and Kabata began running in 2006. [337], DO (Istanbul Seabuses) runs a combination of all-passenger ferries and car-and-passenger ferries to ports on both sides of the Bosphorus, as far north as the Black Sea. [330][331], The Istanbul Metro comprises eight lines (the M1, M2, M3, M6, M7 and M9 on the European side, and the M4 and M5 on the Asian side) with several other lines (M8, M12 and M11) and extensions under construction. [134][135], The Atatrk Airport corridor is another such edge city-style business, residential and shopping corridor with over 900,000m2 (9,700,000sqft) of class-A office space. In June 2021 a marine mucilage wave allegedly caused by water pollution spread to Sea of Marmara. [50][51] Constantinople's location also ensured its existence would stand the test of time; for many centuries, its walls and seafront protected Europe against invaders from the east and the advance of Islam. [191] Although the initial Kurdish presence in the city dates back to the early Ottoman period,[194] the majority of Kurds in the city originate from villages in eastern and southeastern Turkey. 11% stated they were fully devoted to their religion, meanwhile 6% were non-believers who did not believe the rules and requirements of a religion. We'll show you the perimeters of two different countries on the same map. The annual Istanbul Jazz Festival has been held every year since 1994. WebIstanbul (Turkey) is 1.31 times as big as London (UK) Jacksonville, Florida (US) is 1.44 times as big as London (UK) Jakarta (Indonesia) is 0.42 times as big as London (UK) Karachi (Pakistan) is 2.40 times as big as London (UK) Kiev (Ukraine) is 0.53 times as big as London (UK) Lo Manthang (Nepal) is 1.28 times as big as London (UK) It is located at the southern tip of the U.S. state of New York. [15], Despite the myth that seven hills make up the city, there are, in fact, more than 50 hills within the city limits. [187][188], According to 2020 TK data around 2.1 million people in a population of over 15.4 million have been registered[g] in Istanbul, meanwhile the vast majority of the residents ultimately originate from Anatolian provinces, especially those in the Black Sea, Central and Eastern Anatolia regions due to internal migration since the 1950s. [89], Istanbul is located in north-western Turkey and straddles the straitBosporus, which provides the only passage from the Black Sea to the Mediterranean via the Sea of Marmara. [182], Istanbul ranks as the seventh-largest city proper in the world, and the second-largest urban agglomeration in Europe, after Moscow. Fares across modes are integrated, using the contactless Istanbulkart, introduced in 2009, or the older Akbil electronic ticket device. [256][257] Some other neighborhoods around stiklal Avenue have been revamped to cater to Beyolu's nightlife, with formerly commercial streets now lined with pubs, cafes, and restaurants playing live music. [197][198][199] The number of refugees of the Syrian Civil War in Turkey residing in Istanbul is estimated to be around 1 million. The city served as an imperial capital for almost 1600 years: during the Roman/Byzantine (3301204), Latin (12041261), late Byzantine (12611453), and Ottoman (14531922) empires. As a result, the current height of the obelisk is only 18.54 meters, or 25.6 meters if the base is included. [172][175] The Provincial Administration's duties are largely limited to the building and maintenance of schools, residences, government buildings, and roads, and the promotion of arts, culture, and nature conservation. [341] Most visitors enter Istanbul by air, but about half a million foreign tourists enter the city by sea each year. Istanbul's main bus station is the largest in Europe, with a daily capacity of 15,000 buses and 600,000 passengers, serving destinations as distant as Frankfurt.[350][351]. [177], Throughout most of its history, Istanbul has ranked among the largest cities in the world. The Istanbul International Music Festival has been held annually since 1973, and the International Istanbul Film Festival has been held annually since 1982. Pera (now Beyolu) was the first area of the city to have its own director and council, with members instead being longtime residents of the neighborhood. Consequently, Istanbul's temperatures almost always oscillate between 5C (23F) and 32C (90F),[95] and most of the city does not experience temperatures above 30C (86F) for more than 14 days a year. [292], Radio broadcasts in Istanbul date back to 1927, when Turkey's first radio transmission came from atop the Central Post Office in Eminn. [92] Spring and fall are usually mild, with varying conditions dependent on wind direction.[93][94]. Based on state register data, which is unchangeable and inhereted from the family. [77] The modernization efforts were not enough to forestall the decline of the Ottoman Empire. The presence of feral cats in Istanbul (Turkish: sokak kedisi) is noted to be very prevalent, with estimates ranging from a hundred thousand to over a million stray cats. [17][148], There are traces of the Byzantine era throughout the city, from ancient churches that were built over early Christian meeting places like the Hagia Irene, the Chora Church, the Monastery of Stoudios, the Church of Sts. In English the stress is on the first or last syllable, but in Turkish it is on the second syllable (-tan-). [210] In marked contrast to Jews in Europe, Ottoman Jews were allowed to work in any profession. [100] Within the city, rainfall varies widely owing to the rain shadow of the hills in Istanbul, from around 600 millimeters (24in) on the southern fringe at Florya to 1,200 millimeters (47in) on the northern fringe at Baheky. The city's largest private universities include Sabanc University, with its main campus in Tuzla, Ko University in Saryer, zyein niversitesi near Altunizade. Rent is very high in Istanbul in relation to income. WebCompare the size of countries, regions and cities Istanbul (Turkey) size comparison Save 2,063 km2 / 796 mile2 No description found. [227] While the project was still on Turkey's agenda in 2020, there has not been a clear date set for it. This was followed by nonobservant people with 26% who identified with a religion but generally did not practise its requirements. [211] By 1711, using the printing press, books came to be published in Spanish and Ladino, Yiddish, and Hebrew. [10][11] The city grew in size and influence, eventually becoming a beacon of the Silk Road and one of the most important cities in history. 4). Leaving aboard the British warship HMS Malaya on 17 November 1922, he went into exile and died in Sanremo, Italy, on 16 May 1926. Bosporus hosts pelagic, demersal and semipelagic fish species and more than 130 different taxa have been documented in the strait. [15][16], The first known name of the city is Byzantium (Greek: , Byzntion), the name given to it at its foundation by Megarian colonists around 657 BCE. [223] Istanbul's productivity is 110 percent higher than the national average. [306][309] GSM cellular networks arrived in Turkey in 1994, with Istanbul among the first cities to receive the service. [274] Prior to the completion of the Sinan Erdem Dome in 2010, Abdi peki Arena was Istanbul's primary indoor arena, having hosted the finals of EuroBasket 2001. 1C higher average maximum temperature? [95] Considering past data,[124] it is very likely that these two factors are responsible for urban Istanbul's shift, from a warm-summer climate to a hot-summer one in the Kppen climate classification, and from the cool temperate zone to the warm temperate/subtropical zone in the Trewartha climate classification. Turkish National Movement 1923 [240] These museums have yet to attain the popularity of older museums on the historic peninsula, including the Istanbul Archaeology Museums, which ushered in the era of modern museums in Turkey, and the Turkish and Islamic Arts Museum. [71] Money could not protect the rich from all the discomforts and harsher sides of Istanbul. [362] Bluefish, bonito, sea bass, horse mackerel and anchovies composes the economically important species. Some of the most renowned and highly ranked universities in Turkey are in Istanbul. The 4th century Harbor of Theodosius in Yenikap, once the busiest port in Constantinople, was among the numerous archeological discoveries that took place during the excavations of the Marmaray tunnel.[26]. Large sections of Caddebostan sit on areas of landfill, increasing the total area of the city to 5,343 square kilometers (2,063sqmi). [18] Some Ottoman sources of the 17th century, such as Evliya elebi, describe it as the common Turkish name of the time; between the late 17th and late 18th centuries, it was also in official use. [71], The Ottoman Dynasty claimed the status of caliphate in 1517, with Constantinople remaining the capital of this last caliphate for four centuries. [87] From the late 1940s and early 1950s, Istanbul underwent great structural change, as new public squares, boulevards, and avenues were constructed throughout the city, sometimes at the expense of historical buildings. Marmaray rail line has 76.6km, and the full line opened on 12 March 2019. Galatasaray High School was established in 1481 and is the oldest public high school in Turkey.[298]. Mediterranean monk seals were present in Bosporus, and Princes' Islands and Tuzla shores were seal breeding areas during summer, but they have not been observed in Istanbul since the 1960s and thought to be extinct in the region. [71] Although the Sultan lived at a safe remove from the masses, and the wealthy and poor tended to live side by side, for the most part Istanbul was not zoned as modern cities are. [275] Several other indoor arenas, including the Beikta Akatlar Arena, have also been inaugurated since 2000, serving as the home courts of Istanbul's sports clubs. Web15.5M. From around 60 different fish species recorded in the 1970s only 20 of them still survive in the Bosporus. [268] kr Saracolu Stadium, Fenerbahe's home field, hosted the 2009 UEFA Cup Final three years after its completion. Apart from the natural flora Platanus orentalis, horse chestnut, cypress and stone pine make up the introduced species that got acclimatized to Istanbul. [95][106] Snowfall varies widely between years and different areas of the city, with districts facing north more prone to receive snow than southerly ones. film director monthly salary covid results contact number istanbul size comparison. [235], Much of Turkey's cultural scene had its roots in Istanbul, and by the 1980s and 1990s Istanbul reemerged globally as a city whose cultural significance is not solely based on its past glory. One of the exceptions, offering both, is Ak Radyo (94.9 FM). [261] Since 2015, all types of parades at Taksim Square and stiklal Avenue (where, in 2013, the Gezi Park protests took place) have been denied permission by the AKP government, citing security concerns, but hundreds of people have defied the ban each year. Hours later, the sultan rode to the Hagia Sophia and summoned an imam to proclaim the Islamic creed, converting the grand cathedral into an imperial mosque due to the city's refusal to surrender peacefully. 30 million. Wild land mammals are mainly concentrated in the northern forested areas of Istanbul. [148] It was brought from Delphi in 324 CE, during the reign of Constantine the Great, and also erected at the spina of the Hippodrome. WebIstanbul (Turkey) is 2.64 times as big as New York City (US) No description found. [327] Trams in Istanbul date back to 1872, when they were horse-drawn, but even the first electrified trams were decommissioned in the 1960s. Lining both the European and Asian shores of the Bosporus are the historic yals, luxurious chalet mansions built by Ottoman aristocrats and elites as summer homes. [262] Galatasaray SK and Fenerbahe SK have fared better in international competitions and have won more Sper Lig titles, at 22 and 19 times, respectively. 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